肺弹性回缩力Elastic recoil of lungs：The ability of lungs to tolerate expands in volume and tends to collapse at each instant of respiration.
弹性阻力Elastic resistance： A term used to describe the elastic properties of the lung and chest wall; the resistance or elastance (V/P),the reciprocal △△of the compliance.
补呼气量Expiratory reserve volume：The volume expelled by an active expiratory effort after passive expiration. The maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after the end of a normal tidal expiration; it normally amounts to about 1100ml.
外呼吸External respiration：The exchange of gases between blood and the external environment, which involves not only diffusion across the lung capillaries but also the bulk movement of gases in and out of the lungs.
用力呼气量Forced expiration volume：The fraction of the forced vital capacity (FVC) expired during the first second of a forced expiration.
功能余气量Functional residual capacity：It equals to the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. This is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (about 2300ml).
功能性短路Functional shutting：Whenever the ventilation perfusion ratio is below normal, there is not ventilation enough to provide the oxygen needed to oxygenate fully the blood flowing through the alveolar capillaries. Therefore, a certain fraction of the venous blood passing through the pulmonary capillaries does not become oxygenated. This phenomenon is called functional shutting.
何尔登效应Haldane effect：The increase in carbon dioxide unloading from hemoglobin in response to the combination of oxygen with hemoglobin, i.e., when oxygen binds with hemoglobin, carbon dioxide is released easily.
黑－伯反射Hering-Breuer reflex：The Hering-Breuer inflation reflex is an increase in the duration of expiration produced by steady lung inflation, and the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex is a decrease in the duration of expiration produced by marked deflation of a lung.
吸气中枢Inspiratory center： A group of neurons, located in the medulla oblongata, which sets the basic rhythm of breathing by automatically initiating inspiration; also known as the dorsal respiratory group.
补吸气量Inspiratory reserve volume：The air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effort in excess of the volume. i.e., the maximum extra volume of air that be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume, it is usually equal to about 3000ml.
内呼吸Internal respiration：The exchange of gases between the tissue cells and the systemic capillaries. The diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the cytoplasm.
胸内压Intrapleural pressure ：The pressure within the pleural cavity is called intrapleural pressure.It is always lower than the atmoaphere pressure in physiological condition.
肺内压Intrapulmonary pressure：The pressure within the alveoli of the lungs, also called intraalveolar pressure.
