美发布心肺复苏新指南把重点放在胸部压缩上
新华社2005年11月30日电：一旦有人心脏突然停止搏动，该怎样进行心肺复苏操作进行有效抢救呢？根据美国心脏学会日前发布的新的心肺复苏指南，有一种与过去截然不同但更为简单的方法：把重点放在胸部压缩，要“用力压，快速压”，而不是口对口复苏。
据美联社日前报道，这份指南建议人们每次做３０次胸部压缩，而不是过去的１５次。协助制定这份指南的俄亥俄州立大学急救医学教授迈克尔·塞尔说：“按压胸部次数越多，对患者就越好。”
旧版指南对为成人和儿童进行心肺复苏操作有不同的规定，并要求未经训练的救生者间歇地按压患者胸部，以便检查血液循环的情况。新指南提供的操作方法则更加简单，而且不分年龄群体，都要求进行３０次胸部压缩，中途不必停下来查看患者情况。新指南说：重要的是要让（患者）血液流动，因为研究表明，每次胸部压缩都能增加血液循环；如果中断胸部压缩，必然使血液循环倒退。
据报道，每年大约有３０万美国人死于心搏突然停止。在所有医院以外的心搏停止病例中，大约７５％至８０％发生在家中，有效的心肺复苏操作能使患者死里逃生的机会增加一倍。
美国心脏学会说，目前，美国每年大约有９００万人接受心肺复苏操作训练。该学会希望在今后５年里将每年接受这一培训的人数增加一倍多，即达到约２０００万人。
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/112/24_suppl/IV-19 Heart Association changes CPR guidelines
Monday, November 28, 2005; Posted: 12:22 p.m. EST (17:22 GMT)
DALLAS, Texas (AP) -- Updating the way everyday people do CPR, new recommendations urge many more chest compressions for victims of cardiac arrest.
The revised guidelines issued Monday by the American Heart Association on cardiopulmonary resuscitation advise giving 30 chest compressions -- instead of 15 -- for every two rescue breaths.
The guidelines also recommend that emergency personnel cool cardiac arrest patients for 12 to 24 hours to about 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Two significant studies have shown that such cooling results in improved survival and brain function for those who are comatose after initial resuscitation.
More than 300,000 Americans die each year of cardiac arrest, when the heart suddenly stops beating. The heart association estimates that more than 95 percent of cardiac arrest victims die before they get to the hospital.
Studies show that the chest compressions create more blood flow through the heart to the rest of the body, buying time until a defibrillator can be used or the heart can pump blood on its own. Studies have also shown that blood circulation increases with each chest compression and must be built back up after an interruption, the association says in its online journal Circulation.
"Since the 2000 guidelines, research has strengthened our emphasis on effective CPR as a critically important step in helping save lives," said Dr. Robert Hickey, chair of the American Heart Association's emergency cardiovascular care programs.
According to the heart association, about 75 percent to 80 percent of all cardiac arrests outside a hospital happen at home, and effective CPR can double a victim's chance of survival.
Sudden cardiac arrest can occur after a heart attack or as a result of electrocution or near-drowning. It's most often caused by an abnormal heart rhythm. The person experiencing it collapses, is unresponsive to gentle shaking and stops normal breathing.
