[考研专区]2011【考研1号英语】阅读基础90篇——低于49分必看 [复制链接]

2011【考研1号英语】阅读基础90篇——低于49分必看
词汇——全面贯通大纲所有词汇

     这是本书优于同类书的一个明显的特点。作者精心筛选的这90篇文章，不仅广泛涉及了科普、经济、教育、生物、网络、政治、历史等各类题材，更为重要的是，它全面涵盖了大纲规定的所有词汇，并对其中的重点词和难点词进行了系统排查和精心注释。其好处就在于让考生在丰富的阅读语境中夯实词汇基础，同时也大大节省了反复查阅字典的时间。




长难句——长句难句层层直观图解

   本书运用直观图示的方法层层解析长句、难句，并配有文字说明，便于考生直观、迅速、全面地掌握破解长难句的技巧和规律，在短期内轻松搞定长难句。




解题技巧——快速解题技巧系统总结

在解决了词汇和难句这两大阅读基础性问题之后，则要适当地学习和掌握一些应试技巧和方法。本书专列一章系统讲解这一内容，努力培养考生的解题思维，意在使考生的解题思路与命题人的命题思路达到高度的契合和统一。我们的目标是——在未看完文章或未看懂文章，甚至不细看文章而只根据选项进行判断的情况下，迅速捕捉住正确答案的要点。
实践证明，本书有助于考生迅速、全面、集中、有效地提升阅读的水平——对于基础薄弱的考生来说效果尤为明显。

没办法，这边没法传资料的，大家可去其他地方找，有很多的资料的。

就一篇？

好东西

谢谢啦

only text 1？

【大纲重点词汇注释（粗体为大纲词）】
1?fuse
【词义】①v.熔化，融合 fuse metals into a solid mass 使金属融化为硬块②v.加热连接某物，熔合 The two companies are fused by their common interests. 两公司因有共同利益而结合在一起。③n.导火线，保险丝 It looks as if you?ve blown a fuse. 看样子你把保险丝烧断了。
【派生词汇】fusible a.可熔化的
2. diverse a.多种多样的
【大纲词汇】diverse a.
【词义】多种多样的，不同的 people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人多种多样的，(from)不同的：The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们还没认识到语言的千差万别以前就已在欧洲扎下了根。
3. straightforward a.简单的；正直的
【大纲词汇】straightforward .
【词义】①简单的，易懂的 a straightforward examination question 容易回答的问题简单的：Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward.根据项目是否有效用来做决策简单明了。②一直向前的，直接的③正直的，坦率的 straightforward in one?s business dealings 老老实实做生意
4?incompatible a.
【词义】
①不一致，不相符的  behavior that is totally incompatible with the aims of the society 与社会目标完全背道而驰的行为②合不来的，不能相处的 I?ve never seen such an incompatible couple. 我从来没有见过这么不般配的一对儿。
【派生词汇】incompatibility n.不符，合不来
5?insuperable a.
【词义】指困难不能克服的  insuperable barriers 不可逾越的障碍
6?plague
【词义】①v.使困扰，痛苦 His life was plagued by poverty and illness. 他一生受贫困和疾病的纠缠。②v.使受灾 Famine plagued a score of nations. 二十来个国家遭受饥荒。③n.瘟疫，灾害  a plague of rats 鼠灾
7?erratica.
【词义】不规则的，无常的，不可靠的 This clock is rather  erratic. 这个钟不太准。
8. reverse（使）反向，（使）倒转
大纲词汇】reverse
【词义】①v.(使)反向，(使)倒转 Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.然而很少有人愿意设法扭转这种趋势。②a.相反的，颠倒的，倒退的；背面的，反面的 reverse tendencies 相反趋势③n.相反情况，对立面；反面，背部 flaws on the reverse of the silk这丝织品背面的瑕疵④n.逆转，厄运，挫折 We suffered some serious reverses.我们受到一些严重挫折。
9. interactive a.相互作用的；交互的
【大纲词汇】interact vi.
【词义】①相互作用，相互影响 ideas that interact 相互影响的想法 ②指人一起活动或相互合作
【派生词汇】interaction n.一起活动，相互配合
10. associate (使)联系；（使）结合
【大纲词汇】associate
【词义】①v.(使)联系，(使)联合，(使)结合 v.（使）联系，（使）联合，（使）结合 I always associate him with fast cars. 我总是由他联想到高速汽车。I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.我认为一些与公司有关的人士直到最近才开始意识到这一点。②n.伙伴，合伙人，同事；相关的事 one’s business associates 业务合伙人③a.联盟的，联合的 the associate producer of a film 联合制片人
11?infrastructure n.
【词义】基础结构，基础设施 Infrastructure is a country?s fixed capital equipment. 基础设施是一个国家的固定资产装备。
12?immense a.广大的，巨大的
【大纲词汇】immense a.
【词义】广大的，巨大的：Thus,the anthropological concept of “culture”,like the concept of “set” in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.因此，人类学中的“文化”的概念就像数学中的“集(合)”的概念一样，是一个使大量的具体研究和理解成为可能的抽象概念。(03阅读Part B)巨大的，广大的 The government will be building an immense stadium. 政府打算建造一个巨大的体育馆。
13?pass on to sb.
【词义】将某物传交给某人 I passed her message on to her mother. 我把口信带给她母亲了。
14?sophisticated a.
【词义】①复杂的，精细的  sophisticated modern weapons 精良的现代武器②世故的，老练的，高雅时髦的 sophisticated tastes 高雅的口味
【派生词汇】sophisticate n.老于世故的人
15?give away sth.
【词义】免费送出，赠送 He gave away most of his money to charity. 他把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善事业了。
16?upgrade
【词义】①v.提高某人的级别或等级 She was upgraded to the post of sales director.她已提升为销售部主任 ②n.向上的斜坡
17?reinforce v.
【词义】增强，加强 reinforce an argument with facts 引用事实强化论据
【派生词汇】Reinforcement n.增强
18?embrace
【词义】①v.包含，包括 The tour embraces a visit to the Science Museum. 旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆。②v.拥抱 She embraced her parents before leaving. 她离开前拥抱了父母。③v. 接受，信奉 embrace Christianity  信奉基督教④n.拥抱，接受，包含 He held her in a warm embrace. 他热情地拥抱她。
【超纲词汇】
1.convergence n.汇聚；收敛         2.bandwidth n.带宽
3.sitcom n.情景喜剧                4.coerce v.迫使

【全文精译及答案出处】
In promising to fuse① media as diverse② as television, telephone communication, video games, music and data transmission, the era of digital convergence goes better than yesterday’s celebrated“information superhighway”. Yet achieving this single technology is far from straightforward③. There are currently three major television broadcast standards, and they are all incompatible④ with each another. But this is nothing compared to the many technologies supporting the Internet, each with a different bandwidth and physical media. The problems faced in designing platforms and communication systems that will be accepted across the world can appear insuperable⑤.
数字集成时代有希望将多种不同的媒体，如电视、电话、视频游戏、音乐和数据传输融合为一体，这已经超越了不久前还被广为颂扬的“信息高速公路”。然而取得这么一项技术也决非易事。目前主要的电视广播标准有三个，彼此各不兼容。但这要是跟支持因特网的许多技术比起来根本不算什么，这些技术每种都要求有不同的网络带宽和物理媒介。要设计世界各国都可以接受的平台和通讯系统所面临的问题很可能是无法克服的。
Even once global standards are assured, however, a further obstacle lies in wait. The Internet is plagued⑥ by long, erratic⑦ response times because it is a pull technology, driven by patterns of user demands. Push technology, on the other hand, reverses⑧ the relationship: servers simply send information to passive users, as in television and radio. But if some form of combination between one?way television flow and interactive⑨ Internet is to be the basis of our future media, it is hard to see how it could be operated. Moreover, the problem of fusing Internet with television is also one of defining the services offered. Information, entertainment and relaxation appear at first to be quite different needs. Serious doubts remain over whether consumers will be interested in having to make the sort of mental effort associated⑩ with computing while also settling down in front of a sitcom. Besides the issue of consumer habits, infrastructure costs are set to be immense, and will have to be met by national states or the private sector before being passed on to users.
即便全球的标准已经确立，然而，还有另外一个障碍就是等待。（2）漫长而又不稳定的反应时间困扰着因特网，因为它是一项拉技术，由用户的各种需求驱动。另一方面，推技术的关系正好与之相反：服务器只是将信息发送给被动的用户，好比电视和广播。（3）但是如果我们未来媒体的基础是将单向的电视传送和交互式的因特网结合起来，很难搞清楚该如何运作。此外，把电视和因特网融合的问题也是如何定义所提供服务的问题。信息、娱乐和休闲最初看上去是完全不同的需求。消费者是否会有兴趣一边动脑筋使用电脑一边坐下来欣赏一出情景喜剧是非常值得怀疑的。除了消费者的习惯问题，基础设施的建设投入巨大，必须由政府或私营企业建好后才能交付给用户。
Platform does not necessarily have to be expensive. The mobile phone is a good example of how something that is technologically sophisticated can almost be given away, with its cost recovered through service charges. Users are then coerced through clever marketing to upgrade to newer phones with more features to reinforce their dependence. Whatever the outcome, it is obvious that technology will play an increasing part in our everyday lives. Beyond technology, digital convergence embraces the services, industrial practices and social behavior that form modern society. We have in our hands the technology to construct the most sophisticated machines ever built, but if they are unusable, simply because of their operating instructions, then recent lessons have taught us they will not survive. Whatever we design must be simple, reliable and useful. Perhaps this is where artificial intelligence will come in.
（4）平台不一定非要很昂贵。移动电话就是一个很好的例子，技术上很复杂的东西几乎可以免费白送，而通过收取服务费收回成本。接下来聪明的市场营销让用户不得不升级更换有更多特色的新手机，增强其依赖性。不论结果是什么，很明显科技在我们的日常生活中将起着越来越重要的作用。除了技术之外，数字集成还包含了构成现代社会的服务、工业活动和社会行为。（5）我们拥有能建造人们建造过的最复杂的机器的技术，但是如果仅仅因为操作指令的原因它们无法使用的话，最近的教训告诉我们它们会被淘汰掉。不论我们设计什么，必须要简单、可靠、实用。也许这正是人工智能的切入点。

【答案详解】
1. 作者说数字集成的意思是
A.通信系统的多样化                 B.把娱乐和通信分开
C.把多种媒体形式集合在一起         D.直接的数据传输
【答案】C
【大纲阅读考点】本题考察的是大纲规定的第三个阅读考点：理解文中的概念性含义。
【解析】文中第一段给出了digital convergence(数字集成)的定义，即将电视、电话、游戏、音乐和数据传输融为一体(to fuse media as diverse as television, telephone communication, video games, music and data transmission)。故正确答案为C。

2. 什么是拉技术？
A.被冗长而不确定的反应时间所影响的互联网系统。
B.由用户需求所驱动的企业运作模式。
C.是发送信息给被动用户的技术。
D.是混合单向电视和交互式互联网的方式。
【答案】B
【大纲阅读考点】本题考察的是大纲规定的第三个阅读考点：理解文中的概念性含义。
【解析】第二段中作者谈及在实现数字集成的过程中存在的另一障碍——各种媒体不同经营理念(pull technology and push technology)。从上下文可知，pull technology是指那种以消费者需求为中心的服务理念。故B为正确答案。

3. 为什么难以把电视和互联网结合到一起？
A.因为没有针对这一结合的国际标准。
B.因为两者是以不同的服务原则来管理的。
C.因为电视乏味，而互联网是交互式的。
D.因为这一结合忽略了消费者的不同需求。
【答案】B
【大纲阅读考点】本题考察的是大纲规定的第八个阅读考点：区分论点和论据。
【解析】文章第二段由总到分，由概括到细节，并以互联网和电视结合的具体困难做例子，分析了数字集成难以实现的一个重要原因——各种媒体不同的服务理念。故B为正确答案。此题中，考生必须注意区分论点和论据，从具体分析和事例中概括段落主旨。


4. 就数字集成的成本来说。
A.基础设施建设的费用太大而不能满足
B.应由政府和私营企业来支付基础设施的费用
C.建设平台的费用可以通过收取服务费来收回成本
D.高额费用可以通过有效的市场营销吸引更多的客户来收回成本
【答案】C
【大纲阅读考点】本题考察的是大纲规定的第二个阅读考点：理解文中的具体信息。
【解析】本题问及数字集成过程中存在的另一障碍——高额成本。但是本文
作者并没有对此展开论述，而是针对这一问题，通过移动电话推广成功的实例，提出了解决
的方案。故C为正确答案。

5. 最终什么能有助于达到数字集成？
A.以国际标准设计平台和通信系统。
B.赢得对不同媒体有不同期望的消费者的认可。
C.发展一个先进到足以支持媒体集合的计算机网络。
D.利用人工智能来设计简单、可靠而又有用的产品。
【答案】D
【大纲阅读考点】本题考察的是大纲规定的第六个阅读考点：理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系。
【解析】在文章的末尾作者总结到，数字集成的实现不仅仅是技术支持的问题，它涉及到
服务、商业经营和构成现代社会的种种社会行为(Beyond technology, digital convergence embraces the services, industrial practices and social behavior that form modern society.) 作者还进一步提出人工智能技术或许能够帮助解决目前的问题。

Text 1
In promising to fuse media as diverse as television, telephone communication,video games,music and data transmission, the era of digital  convergence  goes better than yesterday’s  celebrated “information superhighway”. Yet achieving this single technology is far from  straightforward.There are currently three major television broadcast standards, and they are all  incompatible  with each another.But this is nothing compared to the many technologies supporting the Internet, each with a different bandwidth and physical media.The problems faced in designing platforms and communication systems that will be accepted across the world can appear  insuperable.
Even once global standards are assured,however,a further  obstacle lies in wait.The Internet is  plagued  by long, erratic  response times because it is a pull technology, driven by patterns of user demands. Push technology, on the other hand,  reverses the relationship: servers simply send information to passive users, as in television and radio. But if some form of combination between one-way television flow and interactive Internet is to be the basis of our future media, it is hard to see how it could be operated. Moreover, the problem of fusing Internet with television is also one of defining the services offered. Information, entertainment and relaxation appear at first to be quite different needs. Serious doubts remain over whether consumers will be interested in having to make the sort of mental effort associated with computing while also settling down in front of a  sitcom. Besides the issue of consumer habits,  infrastructure  costs are set to be immense, and will have to be met by national states or the private sector before being passed on to users.
      Platform does not necessarily have to be expensive. The mobile phone is a good example of how something that is technologically  sophisticated  can almost be given away, with its cost recovered through service charges. Users are then  coerced  through clever marketing to  upgrade  to newer phones with more features to  reinforce  their dependence. Whatever the outcome, it is obvious that technology will play an increasing part in our everyday lives. Beyond technology, digital convergence  embraces  the services, industrial practices and social behavior that form modern society. We have in our hands the technology to construct the most sophisticated machines ever built, but if they are unusable, simply because of their operating instructions, then recent lessons have taught us they will not survive. Whatever we design must be simple, reliable and useful. Perhaps this is where  artificial  intelligence will come in.


1. By digital convergence, the author means.
A.diversification of the communication systems
B.separating entertainment and communication
C.integrating the various means of media
D.straightforward transmission of data

2. What is pull technology?
A.It is the Internet system affected by long, uncertain response times.
B.It is the way of business operation driven by user demands.

C.It is the technology to send information to passive users.
D.It is a way to blend one-way television with interactive Internet.

3. Why is it difficult to combine television and the Internet?
A.Because there are no global standards for the combination.
B.Because the two are operated on different principles of services.
C.Because television is unattractive, while the Internet is interactive.
D.Because the combination overlooks the consumers’ different needs.

4. As far as the cost for digital convergence is concerned,.
A.the expenses for building the basic facilities are too immense to be met
B.the infrastructures cost should be paid by national states and the private sector alone
C.the cost for building a platform can be recovered by collecting service charges
D.the high cost can be covered by effective marketing to attracts more customers

5. What may finally help to achieve digital convergence?
A.Designing platforms and communication systems with global standards.
B.Winning recognition from users who have different expectations for different media.
C.Developing a network advanced enough to support the integration of media.
D.Using artificial intelligence to design simple, reliable and useful products.