考试前整理的病理英文笔记，由于我没有受过专业的医学英语教育，有错误的地方还请大家批评指正，谢谢啦！
参考资料：中国医科大学病理学英文教学课件
山医病理学英文教学课件
人卫6版病理学教材
Introduction to Pathology
1. The core of pathology
(1) Etiology: causes of the disease
(2) Pathogenesis: the mechanisms of its development
(3) Morphologic changes: the structural alteration induced in the cells and organs of the body
(4) Clinical significance: the functional consequences of the morphologic changes
2. Techniques of Pathology
·Human pathology
(1) Autopsy
(2) Biopsy: surgical or diagnostic pathology
(3) Cytology: smear, fine needle aspiration
·Experimental pathology
(1) Animal experiment: animal model
(2) Tissue and cell culture
3. Observation and New Technique of Morphology
(1) Gross appearance: size, shape, weight, color, consistency, surface, edge, section
(2) Histologic and cytologic observation: most common and basic formalin fixed → HE (hematoxylin and eosin) stained
(3) Histochemistry and cytochemistry
(4) Immunohistochemistry:
·Ag-Ab specific reaction
·Applications: ①Location analysis: cytokeratin → cell membrane
②Clinical diagnosis and distinguishing: diagnosis of tumor histogenesis
(5) Ultrastructural observation: TEM (transmitting electron microscope)
SEM (scanning electron microscope)
(6) Flow cytometry (FCM)
·One kind of cells → quantitative
·DNA ploidy analysis
·Protein nucleus acid → quantitative analysis
·Selection of collection of cells
(7) Image analysis (IA)
(8) Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM)
aliving cell → observation in situ or development or quantitative
(9) Molecular biology technique
·Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
·DNA sequencing
·Biochip technique: ①Gene chip (DNA chip)
②Protein chip (protein microarray)
③Tissue chip (tissue microarray)
