特色中国英语词汇 缩影中国社会文化 [复制链接]

A
· 爱心工程 Loving Care Project
· 安家费 settling-in allowance
· 安慰奖 consolation prize
· 暗箱操作 black case work
· 按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority
· 按揭贷款 mortgage loan
· 按揭购房 to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house
B
· 把关 guard a pass
· 霸权主义 hegemonism
· 吧台 bar counter
· 把握大局 grasp the overall situation
· 拔河(游戏) tug-of-war
· 摆花架子 a metaphor for presenting an attractive facade but in reality lacking substance
· 拜金主义 money worship
· 百年老店 century-old shop
· 白热化 be white-hot
· 摆脱贫困 shake off poverty; lift oneself from poverty
· 拜把兄弟 sworn brothers
· 摆架子 put on airs
· 白马王子 Prince Charming
· 拜年 pay New Year call
· 摆谱儿 put on airs; show off; keep up appearances
· 班车 shuttle bus
· 半拉子工程 uncompleted project
· 板楼，板式楼 slab-type apartment building
· 斑马线 zebra stripes
· 班门弄斧 teach one's grandma to **** eggs
· 搬迁户 a relocated unit or household
· 半脱产 a partial sabbatical from work
· 帮倒忙 trying to help but causing more trouble in the process
· 傍大款 (of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags
· 包产到户 fixing of farm output quotas for each household; production contracted to each household
· 包产到户 fixing of farm output quotas for each household; production contracted to each household
· 包车 to charter a vehicle (bus, train car, etc.); a chartered vehicle
· 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
· 保兑银行 confirming bank
· 暴发户 new rich; upstart (persons or households who suddenly became rich through unscrupulous means or unexpected opportunities)
· 曝光 make public; expose
· 保护伞 protective umbrella
· 保健按摩 therapeutic massage
· 保健品 health care products
· 爆冷门 produce an unexpected winner; a dark horse bobbing up
· 暴力片 splatter film
· 背投屏幕 rear projection screen
· 被摘牌的公司 delisted company
· 本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches
· 奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life
· 本本主义 bookishness
· 蹦迪 disco dancing
· 蹦极 bungee, bungee jumping
· 闭关政策 closed-door policy
· 闭门羹 given cold-shoulder
· 比上不足，比下有余 "worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst"
· 逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives
· 变相涨价 disguised inflation
· 边远贫困地区 outlying poverty-stricken areas
· 边缘知识人 Marginal intellectuals
· 贬值 devalue, devaluate, depreciate (of a currency)
· 表面文章 lip service; surface formality
· 表演赛 demonstration match
· 并网发电 combined to the grid
· 伯乐 a good judge of talent (a name of a legendary person in the state of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period who excelled in evaluating horses)
· 剥离不良资产 strip bad assets off
· 薄利多销 small profit, large sale volume
· 博彩（业） lottery industry
· 剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody
· 薄利多销 small profits but quick returns; small profits and good sales
· BP 机 beeper, pager
· B to B (B2B) business to business
· B to C (B2C) business to consumer
· 不打不成交 "No discord, no concord. "
· 不到长城非好汉 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
· 不分上下的总统选举结果 the neck-and-neck presidential election result
· 不感冒 have no interest
· 不管部部长 minister without portfolio
· 不良贷款 non-performing loan
· 不买帐 not take it; not go for it
· 步行街 pedestrian street
· 步行天桥 pedestrian overpass
· 不以物喜，不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses
· 不正之风 bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency

C
· 擦边球 "edge ball, touch ball"
· 菜篮子工程 shopping basket program
· 菜鸟，新手 green hand
· 采取高姿态 show magnanimity
· 财务报表 financial statement
· 参拜靖国神社 visit to the Yasukuni war shrine
· 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs
· 仓储式超市 stockroom-style supermarket
· 层层转包和违法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting
· 茶道 sado
· 差额选举 competitive election
· 查房 make/go the rounds of the wards
· 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul
· 拆迁户 households or units relocated due to building demolition
· 禅 dhyana
· 产粮大省 granary province
· 产品积压 overstocked products
· 产品结构 product mix
· 产品科技含量 technological element of a product
· 产品生命周期分析 LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)
· 产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 "clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management "
· 产权制度、产权关系 property relations; property order
· 唱高调 mouth high-sounding words
· 长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta
· 长江中下游 the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River
· 长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 "long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe "
· 畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project
· 常务理事 executive member of the council
· 超前消费 pre-mature consumption; overconsuming; excessive consumption; spend beyond one's means
· 超前意识 superior consciousness
· 超载过牧 overgraze
· 炒作 speculation (stock); sensationalization (news)
· 扯皮 shirk; pass the buck
· 城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system
· 承包 contract with
· 城乡信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas
· 吃老本 live on one's own fat; bask in one's past glory; rest on one's laurels
· 持续、稳定、协调发展 sustained, stable and coordinated development
· 吃大锅饭 "egalitarian practice of ""everybody eating from the same big pot"" "
· 吃皇粮 "receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government"
· 充电 recharge one's batteries; update one's knowledge; brush up
· 冲帐 strike a balance; counter-balance accounts; reverse an entry
· 重复建设 building redundant project; duplication of similar projects
· 充值卡 rechargeable card
· 筹备委员会 preparatory committee
· 筹划指导委员会 steering committee
· 臭老九 stinking ninth category (of class enemies next to landlords, reactionaries and even spies, etc. , a term of abuse by ultra-Leftists for teachers and other educated people in the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution)
· 出风头 show off;in the limelight
· 出家 pravrajana; cloister
· 出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports
· 触摸屏 touchscreen
· 出气筒 punching bag
· 传销 pyramid sales; multi-level marketing
· 穿小鞋 make it hot for; make trouble for
· 春运 (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival
· 此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence.
· 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new
· 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
· 粗放经营 extensive operation
· 粗放式管理 extensive management
· 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy

D

· 打白条 issue IOU
· 打包儿 use doggy bags to take food home
· 大包干 all-round responsibility system
· 大而全 large and comprehensive; large and all-inclusive
· 大规模杀伤性武器 mass destruction weapon
· 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering
· 打假 crack down on counterfeit goods
· 打假办 Office of Cracking down on Fake Products
· 大减价 markdown sales
· 大贱卖 big offering
· 大款 tycoon
· 大腕 top notch, big shot
· 大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧 maxi-series
· 大学生创业 university students' innovative undertaking
· 大要案 major and serious criminal cases
· 大专生 junior college student
· 大专文凭 associate degree
· 待岗 "await job assignment, post-waiting"
· 代培 train on contract; be commissioned to train; directional training
· 代销店 commission agent
· 带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits
· 带薪假期 paid holiday
· 待业 job-waiting
· 待业人员 job-waiting people
· 呆帐 dead account
· 代职 function in an acting capacity
· 单边主义 unilateralism
· 党风建设 construction of the Party conduct
· 党群关系 Party-masses relationship
· 党政机关 Party and government organizations
· 盗版VCD pirated VCD
· 德智体美劳 "all around development of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetics and labour education "
· 邓小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts
· 低调 low keyed (a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach)
· 地方保护主义 regional protectionism
· 地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances
· 第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generation mobile; 3G mobile
· 电脑盲 computer illiterate
· 电脑迷 mouse potato
· 点球 penalty kick
· 电视直销 TV home shopping
· 点子公司 consultancy company
· 吊销执照 revoke license
· 丁克一族 DINK (Double Income No Kids)
· 钉子户 person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project
· "东突"恐怖分子 East Turkistan terrorist
· "豆腐渣"工程 jerry-built project
· 渡假外交 holiday-making diplomacy
· 独生子女 the only child in one's family
· 对外招商 attract foreign investment
· 多媒体短信服务 MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service)
· 多元化 pluralism
· 多种经营 diversified economy

G
· 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
· 干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化 " make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent "
· 岗位培训 on-the-job training　
· 高分低能 high scores and low abilities
· 高峰 peak time
· 高峰论坛 summit (forum)
· 高考 (university) entrance examination
· 高难度动作 stunner, stunt
· 高清晰度 high definition
· 高手 master hand, expert
· (精通电脑和网络的)高手 geek
· 高新技术产业开发区 high and new technology industrial development zone
· 高原反应,高山反应 altitude stress; altitude sickness
· 个人数字助理 PDA (personal digital assistant)
· 个人演唱会 solo concert
· 个人自扫门前雪， 莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one's own potatoes
· 功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.
· 公告板服务 Bulletin Board Service (BBS)
· 公积金 "public accumulation funds, public reserve funds"
· 公检法 " public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts"
· 公务员 civil servants; governmental employee
· 恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!; Wish you prosperity.
· 个体经济 private economy
· 跟屁虫 1.one's shadow; to tag along; 2. flatterer, boot licker, ass-kisser, brown-noser
· 广告词 jingle
· 广告电话直销 direct response advertising
· 广告妙语 attention-getter
· 光谷 optical valley
· 光机电一体化 "optical, mechanical and electronic integration"
· 归口管理 put under centralized management by specialized departments
· 规模经济 scale economy
· 规模效益 scale merit
· 国产化率 import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components
· 国家重点科技攻关项目 national key scientific and technological project
· 国脚 player of the national football team; footballer of the national team
· 国库券 treasury bonds
· 国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
· 国家重点科技攻关项目 national key scientific and technological project
· 国脚 player of the national football
· 国库券 treasury bonds

H
· 海量存储 mass memory
· 海市蜃楼,镜花水月,无稽之谈 a mare's nest
· 海峡交流基金会(海基会) Strait Exchange Foundation of (Taiwan, China)(SEF)
· 海峡两岸关系协会 the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
· 海峡两岸交流基金会 the Straits Exchange Foundation
· 海协会 （ARATS) Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait
· 寒带 frigid zone
· 好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more
· 好事不出门，恶事传千里 "Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. "
· 盒饭 packed meal; box lunch
· 和服 Kimono
· 和平共处五项原则： 互相尊重领土完整和主权、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence
· 和平演变 peaceful evolution
· 和气生财 Harmony brings wealth
· 贺岁片 New Year's Film
· 黑店 gangster inn
· 黑客 hacker
· 黑社会 Mafia-style organizations; gangland
· 黑心棉 shoddy cotton
· 鸿门宴 Hongmen banquet--a feast or meeting set up as a trap for the invited
· 红旗单位 advanced (model) establishment
· 虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.
· 户口簿 residence booklet
· 户口管理制度 "domicile system, residence registration system "
· 呼啦圈 hu la hoop
· 胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)
· 滑板车 scooter
· 画中画 picture-in-picture (PIP)
· 坏帐 bad account
· 会考 unified examination; general examination
· 回扣 kickback
· 灰色经济 grey economy
· 婚前同居 premarital cohabit
· 婚前协议 prenup
· 婚纱摄影 bride photo
· 婚外恋 extramarital love
· 活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn.
· 火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and

J
· 基本国情 fundamental realities of the country
· 基本路线要管一百年 The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.
· 基地组织 al-Qaeda group
· 计划单列市 city specifically designated in the state plan
· 计划经济 planned economy
· 计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family planning
· 集体观念 groupism; collective spirit
· 集体婚礼 collective wedding ceremony; group wedding
· 集体经济 collective economy
· 吉祥如意 Everything goes well
· 继续深化国有企业改革、使企业真正成为市场竞争的主体 to deepen SOE reform to enable them to become main players in the market competition;
· 积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories)
· 嘉宾 "distinguished guest, honored guest"
· 假唱 lip-synch
· 假动作 "deception, feint"
· 甲骨文 oracle bone inscriptions
· 假冒伪劣产品 counterfeit and shoddy products
· 假球;黑哨 soccer fraud; black whistle
· 假日经济 holiday economy
· 家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system
· 减负 alleviate burdens on sb.
· 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
· 见面会 meet-and-greet
· 减员增效 downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency
· 脚踩两只船 sit on the fence
· 假帐 accounting fraud
· 借调 temporarily transfer
· 借读生 transient student
· 解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces
· 解放思想、实事求是的思想路线 ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts
· 近水楼台先得月 "First come, first served; A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first--the advantage of being in a favored position."
· 金无足赤,人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.
· 靖国神社 Yasukuni Shrine
· 经济房 low-cost housing
· 经济林 cash tree
· 精品 competitive products
· 精神文明建设 promote cultural and ideological progress; develop socialist culture and ethics
· 竞争上岗 take up a job through competition
· 酒肉朋友 fair-weather friend
· 举报电话 informants' hot-line telephone
· 居委会 neighborhood committee; residents' committee
· 具有中国特色的 with Chinese characteristics
· 君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green

K
· 开发式扶贫 poverty reduction through development projects; development-oriented poverty relief
· 开发一代，储存一代，预研一代 (产品） to develop this generation of products while researching on the next generation of products
· 开后门 under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means
· 开题报告 opening speech; opening report
· 开小灶 give special favor
· 开夜车 burn the midnight oil; work over night
· 可持续发展 sustainable development
· 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development
· 科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements
· 科技成果市场化、产业化 commercialize scientific and technological results; to gear sicentific and technological achievements to the market and production
· 科技含量 technology content
· 科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.
· 课件（教师多媒体教学演示片） courseware
· 科教兴国 rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation
· 口头禅 pet phrase
·· 跨世纪工程 a trans-century project
· 跨越式发展 develop by strides
· 会计电算化 accounting computerization
· 宽带接入 broadband access
· 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development
· 亏损企业 enterprises running in the red/under deficit
· 困难职工 the needy
· 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption

L
· 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth
· 拉关系 try to curry favor with
· 垃圾邮件 junk e-mail
· 啦啦队 cheering squad
· 来电 fall in love with someone
· 老三届 junior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968; school leavers of 1966~1968
· 老少边穷地区 "former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas "
· 老生常谈，陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliche
· 老油条 wily old bird; old slicker
· 老字号 an old and famous shop or enterprise; time-honoured brand
· 利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
· 礼仪小姐 ritual girl
· 联产承包责任制 system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; contract system with remuneration linked to output
· 练摊 to be a vendor
· 廉政建设 construction of a clean and honest administration
· 廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府 an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government
· 两岸直航促进会 Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation
· 两弹一艇 "A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine"
· 两弹一星 atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and artificial satellite
· 两个文明一起抓 place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress
· 两会 two Conferences (i.e. the National People's Congress and the Chinese Political Consultative Conference)
· 两手抓两手都要硬 We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritual civilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without any letup.
· 两手抓，两手都要硬 grasp both links at the same time and attach sufficient importance to both
· 两思（致富思源，富而思进） to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress after becoming affluence
· 良性循环 virtuous circle
· 粮油关系 grain and oil rationing registration
· 两院院士 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering
· 《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio
· 另类 a different, special, completely new or fashionabel type or trend
· 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 "Where there is life, there is hope."
· 流动人口 transient population
· 流星雨 meteor shower
· 录取分数线 enrollment mark
· 录取通知书 letter of admission
· 乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 "unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises "
· 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 "arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines"
· 《论语》 Analects of Confucius
· 绿色奥运,科技奥运,人文奥运 green, high-tech and people friendly Olympic Games
· 绿色食品 green food

M
· 马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success
· 马拉松式竞选活动 campaignathon
· 买空卖空 bulls and bears; fictitious transaction
· 买一送一 "two-for-one offer, buy one get one free"
· 盲流 blind influx (labourers aimlessly flowing from rural areas into large cities)
· 盲流和倒流人员 transient from the countryside
· 每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.
· 美食节 gourmet festival
· 没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.
· 门户网站 portals
· 门前三包 "be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order in a designated area outside the unit building "
· 蒙古包 (Mongolian) yurt
· 朦胧诗 misty poetry
· 孟子 Mencius
· 民办教师 citizen-managed teachers (teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schools who do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)
· 民工 migrant laborer
· 民以食为天 people regard food as their prime want; food the first necessity of man
· 民营企业 individually-run enterprises
· 民族凝聚力 national cohesion
· 民族优越感 ethnocentrism
· 名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth
· 明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题） transparent consumption
· 名优 famous actor; famous high quality brand
· 模仿秀 imitation show
· 模拟测试 mock test; simulated exam
· 谋事在人，成事在天 "The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. / Man proposes, God disposes. "
· 目标管理 management by objectives; quota management
· 幕后操纵 pull strings behind the scenes; wire-pulling
· 睦邻友好关系(合作) good-neighborly and friendly relations

N
· 纳米 nanometer
· 纳斯达克 National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations (NASDAQ)
· 难得糊涂 "Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise."
· 南水北调 South-to-North water diversion
· 内退 early retirement

O
· 偶像 idol
· 欧元 Euro

P
· 排华政策 policy of discrimination against the Chinese
· 拍拖 being in love; having a love affair
· 排外主义 exclusivism
· 盘活存量资产 liquidize remnant assets
· 泡沫经济 bubble economy
· 泡妞 chase after the girls
· 抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale
· 赔了夫人又折兵, 花钱填无底洞 throw good money after bad
· 配套政策 supporting policies
· 碰钉子 get snubbed
· 碰头会 "brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.) "
· 碰一鼻子灰 be sent off with a flea in one's ear; be snubbedd; get a rebuff
· 皮包公司 bogus company
· 啤酒肚 beer belly
· 骗汇、逃汇、套汇 "obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage "
· 片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level
· 平等、互利、互相尊重主权和领土完整 equality，mutual benefit， mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity
· 平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚 "never burn incense when all is well, but clasp Buddha's feet when in distress"
· 评头论足 nit-pick
· 破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat； burn one's own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
· 泼冷水 pour cold wate on the enthusiasm of； dampen the spirit of； throw a wet blanket over
· 泼水节 Water-Sprinkling Festival

Q
· 旗袍 cheong-sam; Chi-pao
· 企业重组 reshuffle of the enterprises
· 企业孵化器 enterprise incubator
· 千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step
· 前怕狼,后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind/ hesitate in doing something
· 前人栽树,后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests./ One sows and another reaps.
· 前事不忘,后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.
· 千禧婴儿 millennium infant; millennium baby
· 前瞻性 perspectiveness
· 抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities
· 强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.
· 强强联手 win-win co-operation
· 强权外交 power diplomacy
· 侨胞 countrymen residing abroad
· 巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist./ One can't make bricks without straw.
· 翘尾巴 be cocky; get stuck-up
· 敲竹杠 make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick
· 勤工俭学 part-work and part-study system; work-study program
· 倾销 dump; dumping
· 求大同,存小异 seek common ground on major question while reserving differences on minor ones
· 全面实施以德育为核心、以创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育 carry on the quality education centering on moral education and emphasizing creativity and practice
· 全面小康社会 all-round well-off society
· 全民健身计划纲要 outline of the nationwide body-building plan
· 全球定位系统 global positioning system (GPS)
· 全球移动通信系统(全球通) global system for mobile communications (GSM)
· 拳头产品 competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster