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致热源包括exogenic pyrogen 和endogenic pyrogen。
引起发热的病因很多，临床上分为infective 和non-infective两大类。
常见热型有continued fever, remittent fever, intermittent fever, recurrent fever, undulant fever, irregular fever.
非感染性休克主要有以下几类原因：absorption of necrotic substances, Ag-Ab reaction, endocrine and metabolic disturbance, decreased elimination of heat from skin, dysfunction of central heat regulation, dysfunction of vegetative nervous system。
发热的分度：低热37.3-38, 中等度热38.1-39, 高热39.1-41, 超高热>41.
皮肤黏膜出血的基本病因有：dysfunction of blood vessel wall, abnormality of platelet’s amount or function, dysfunction of blood coagulation.
水肿可分为systemic和local性。
产生水肿的主要因素有retention of sodium and water, capillary filtration pressure increased, capillary permeability increased, colloid osmotic pressure of blood plasma decreased, return through lymph interrupted.
全身性水肿包括cardiogenic, nephrogenic, hepatogenic, malnutritional, other causative.
血红蛋白正常者，当血中还原血红蛋白值 >50g/L，氧饱和度（SATO2）