楼主把2006-2019年的免疫学名词解释在考试前整理并且自测了一份，楼主是17级，最后考的全是上面的原题，但是不知道怎么上传文件所以就把名解直接放在这里，如果想打印出来可以复制到一个word文档里打印。有一部分ppt上找不到现成的所以就没有写，只要按照ppt上要点写就不会有很大问题。免疫学历年试题名词解释部分整理人：apredator
TD-Ag: thymus-dependent antigens, areantigens that can stimulate B cells to produce antibody only with the help of Tcells.
Most TD-Ags are proteins, and have moredifferent kinds of epitopes but less numbers for each kind. It can induce bothCMI and HI, and have immune memory.

TI-Ag: thymus-independent antigens, areantigens that can stimulate B cells to produce antibodies without the help of Tcells.
MostTI-Ags are polysaccharides and lipids, and have repeated epitopes, and can onlyinduce HI, and don’t have immune memory.

opsonization:Opsonization can be induced by antibody or complement.
IgGand IgM can combine with antigens and Fc fragment of IgG can combine with theFcR of macrophages and promotes its phagocytosis. C3b and C4b can combine withthe CR1 of macrophage and promotes phagocytosis,

sequentialepitope: Epitopes formed by adjacent amino acid residues are called sequentialepitopes. They are usually recognized by T cells and can appear at any sites ofthe antigen.

HLA:human leukocyte antigen, HLA are cell surface molecules expressed ordisappeared during different development, differentiation and maturationphases, as well as the activation phase.\

idiotypedeterminant: Igs produced by different B cells possess unique structurerespectively in the hypervariable region(HVR), these unique structures of Igsare called idiotype determinants.

adhesion molecules: are cell surfaceglycoproteins that mediate the binding of one cell to other cells or toextracellular matrix proteins. It plays an important role in the immuneresponse and is dependent on the binding of receptor to ligand.

GVHD: graft-versus-host-disease, is adisease caused by GVHR, in which the mature lymphocytes(mostly T lymphocytes) inthe graft cause damage to the host. It usually happens in the thymus and bonemarrow transplantation.

centraltolerance: Immature immune cells in the central immune organs encounter selfantigens and form tolerance to self antigens.

crosspresentation: Endogenous antigens are presented by MHC-II molecules andrecognized by CD4+T cells. Exogenous antigens are presented by MHC-I moleculesand recognized by CD8+ T cells.

isotype switching: Activated B cells expressIgM firstly, and then gradually change its Ab isotype into IgG and IgA. Therearranged VDJ genes combine with a downstream C region genes and theintervening DNA is deleted.

immunetolerance: Unresponsiveness to an antigen which is induced by former exposureto that antigen. Normal responsiveness to other antigens.

conformationaldeterminants: Epitopes formed by amino acid residues that are not in a sequencebut become spatially juxtaposed when folded into a protein. It is usuallyrecognized by B cells.

heterophilicantigen: are common antigens that are shared by different species. Commonantigens are different antigens that have the same or similar epitopes.

CDR: complementarity determining region,they are some of the sequences formed in the antibody complementary to thethree dimensional structure of the bound antigen.

PRR:pattern recognition receptors. Receptors on the innate immune cells thatcombine with the conserved structures of the microbes(PAMP).

APC: A group of immune cells which cancapture exogenous and endogenous antigens, process them in the cell and thenpresent them with MHC II and I molecules for recognition of CD4+ or CD8+ Tcells, which plays an important role in immune r